• Nanoparticles are molecules of transition metals, chosen according to the composition of the fuels used
• Dosage depending on fuel, in proportion of 10^-15 ÷ 10^-12, related to kg_cc*
• As an exception, for inferior coals or waste with low calorific value, higher dosages can be reached, but not more than 10^-9

* 1kg_cc = 7000 kcal (kg_cc = kilogram of conventional fuel)

• Additive particles are permanently and constantly introduced into the combustion process through the combustion air
• The reaction of oxygen contained in the fuel composition is accelerated with priority, and small kinetic combustion areas will appear, generating a large number of secondary ignition centers
• It generates a large number of free oxygen ions in the contact area between the combustion air flows and the fuel (in industrial combustion systems the combustion is diffusive – the flows enter the combustion chamber in adjacent/concentric jets, not being previously homogenized, as in kinetic combustion)
• The proportion of fuel particles which react in the unit of time increases exponentially
• The energy levels required to initiate the decomposition reactions of cyclic and polycyclic molecules are reached, the combustion approaching the complete combustion.

Reducing combustion – Combustion with ECOBIK®

Initialization:

• Starts at approx. 400°C with continuous generation of O^2- ions => new reaction chains => change of classic combustion process reactions
• Reaction promoters are formed
• Hydride ions (H^–) are generated and other donor ions are activated from the “ion soup” from the “plasma” => transient reducing zones appear (by trimolecular collisions, but most likely at the walls of the heat exchangers)

Combustion:

• Significant increase in temperature in “plasma” => the level of energy required to break the bonds of complex molecules (especially cyclic and polycyclic) is reached
• Increases the formation speed and the pressure CO => it is “expelled” from the fuel jet and meets O₂ faster
• CO rapidly converted to CO₂, increases the peripheral temperature of the “plasma”, (50 kcal/gCO) and reaches the temperature levels necessary to initialize the decomposition of complex molecules

Reduction:

• Donors obtained with ECOBIK® will reduce, step by step, through effective collisions, the oxidation state of the “core” of pollutant molecules.
• Sulfur is reduced to elemental sulfur
• Corrosion-affected metal areas restore the electronic balance of the metal crystal lattice

 ECOBIK® creates a surplus of electrons during combustion => combustion with reduction process!